Geranium

Geranium is a genus of 422 species of flowering annual, biennial, and perennial plants that are commonly known as cranesbills. They are found throughout the temperate regions of the world and the mountains of the tropics, though mostly in the eastern part of the Mediterranean region.

Description

Geraniums are characterized by their palmately lobed leaves and five-petaled flowers. Flower colors vary widely depending on the species and cultivar, encompassing shades of white, pink, purple, red, and blue. The seed pod is unique in its appearance, resembling a crane's bill, hence the common name "cranesbill." This seed pod explosively releases the seeds when ripe.

Cultivation and Uses

Many species of Geranium are cultivated as ornamental plants, popular for their attractive foliage and flowers, as well as their relative hardiness and ease of care. They are commonly used in gardens, borders, and containers.

The plants generally prefer well-drained soil and full sun to partial shade. They can be propagated by seed, cuttings, or division.

Some species, particularly Geranium maculatum (Spotted Geranium), have been used in traditional medicine for their astringent properties. Extracts from these plants have been used to treat various ailments, including diarrhea and skin conditions.

Distinction from Pelargonium

It is important to note that the plants commonly called "geraniums" in many gardens are actually members of the genus Pelargonium. These plants, often grown for their showy flowers and scented leaves, were originally classified within the Geranium genus by Linnaeus, but were later reclassified into their own genus, Pelargonium, in the late 18th century. Despite the taxonomic distinction, the common name "geranium" persists for many Pelargonium species. The true Geranium species are more accurately referred to as cranesbills.