French rule in the Ionian Islands (1807–1814)

The French rule in the Ionian Islands, lasting from 1807 to 1814, represents a significant period in the history of this archipelago located off the western coast of Greece. This period began with the Treaty of Tilsit (July 7, 1807), which saw Russia cede control of the Septinsular Republic (a nominally independent state under Russian and Ottoman protection) to Napoleonic France.

The French established a new administration, formally annexing the islands to France and integrating them into the Illyrian Provinces. This marked the end of the Septinsular Republic and the beginning of direct French administration. French rule aimed to modernize the islands' infrastructure and administration, introducing elements of the Napoleonic Code and centralizing governmental functions.

The period was marked by considerable military activity, as the Ionian Islands held strategic importance in the Napoleonic Wars. British forces, eager to deny France control of this vital region, launched a series of campaigns to capture the islands. Zakynthos, Kefalonia, Ithaca, and Kythira were captured by the British between 1809 and 1810. Corfu, however, remained under French control for a longer period due to its strong fortifications.

French administration focused on improving defenses and maintaining order in the face of British naval blockade and local resistance. The French also attempted to develop the islands' economy, but their efforts were hampered by the ongoing war and the blockade. The local population, initially welcoming the French as liberators from Ottoman and Russian influence, gradually grew resentful due to heavy taxation, conscription, and the disruption of trade caused by the British blockade.

By 1814, with Napoleon's defeat looming, Corfu surrendered to British forces. The French occupation of the Ionian Islands formally ended, and the islands were placed under British protection, leading to the establishment of the United States of the Ionian Islands in 1815. The period of French rule, though relatively short, left a lasting impact on the Ionian Islands, influencing their legal system, administrative structures, and future relationship with Great Britain.