Fatimid invasion of Egypt (914–915)

The Fatimid invasion of Egypt (914–915) was an early attempt by the Fatimid Caliphate, based in Ifriqiya (modern-day Tunisia), to conquer Egypt, then controlled by the Abbasid Caliphate. The invasion was launched under the command of Abu'l-Qasim, a Fatimid general and heir apparent.

The Fatimid forces successfully captured Alexandria in late 914 after landing in the Nile Delta and facing minimal resistance. From Alexandria, they advanced into the Egyptian interior. However, the Abbasid forces, bolstered by reinforcements from Syria and led by competent commanders, gradually contained and pushed back the Fatimid advance.

The Fatimids were unable to capitalize on their initial gains due to logistical challenges, lack of local support, and the Abbasid response. The Nile Delta's natural defenses, including its waterways and swamps, also hampered Fatimid movement.

By 915, the Abbasid forces had successfully isolated the Fatimid army in the Fayyum Oasis. Facing dwindling supplies, disease, and mounting pressure, the Fatimid forces were eventually defeated. Abu'l-Qasim was killed in battle, and the remaining Fatimid troops retreated back to Ifriqiya.

The invasion ultimately failed, but it marked the beginning of a long-term Fatimid interest in Egypt, which they would eventually conquer in 969. The failed 914-915 campaign highlighted the strategic importance of Egypt and the challenges any power seeking to control it would face. The experience gained, albeit negative, contributed to the Fatimids' later, successful efforts to conquer Egypt.