Edward Fisher (theologian)

Edward Fisher (c. 1560 – 1655) was an English Puritan theologian best known for his work The Marrow of Modern Divinity.

Fisher was likely born in or around 1560 and lived until approximately 1655. Biographical details about Fisher are scarce, and much of what is known about him comes from inferences drawn from his writings and mentions in contemporary works. It is believed he held a clerical position, possibly as a minister, though definitive evidence remains elusive.

Fisher's enduring legacy rests solely upon The Marrow of Modern Divinity. This theological treatise, presented as a dialogue between Evangelista, Nomista, Antinomista, and Neophytus, explores the relationship between law and gospel, grace and works, and justification and sanctification. It advocates for a view of grace freely offered in the gospel and warns against legalistic interpretations of Christianity.

Published anonymously around 1645 (though its preface indicates it had been in circulation earlier), The Marrow of Modern Divinity sparked considerable controversy within the Church of Scotland in the early 18th century. The book was condemned by the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1720 due to perceived antinomian tendencies. This condemnation led to what became known as the "Marrow Controversy," a significant theological debate within the Scottish church, with figures like Thomas Boston and Ebenezer Erskine defending the book and its emphasis on free grace. The debate centered on the proper understanding of the nature and extent of God's grace in salvation. Despite the condemnation, The Marrow remained influential within certain circles, particularly among evangelicals who emphasized the importance of God's unconditional love and grace in salvation.

Fisher's The Marrow of Modern Divinity continues to be studied and debated by theologians and students interested in the history of Puritan theology and the ongoing discussions regarding the relationship between law and grace.