Dianthus
Dianthus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae, commonly known as pinks, carnations, and sweet williams. Native primarily to Europe and Asia, with a few species in North Africa and southern Africa, Dianthus species are predominantly herbaceous perennials, though some are annual or biennial.
Description:
Dianthus plants typically feature slender, often glaucous green or grey-green leaves and fragrant flowers. The flowers possess five petals, which are often fringed or toothed at the edges, giving them a "pinked" appearance – a characteristic which, according to some sources, is the origin of the common name "pinks". The flower colors range from white, pink, and red to purple, and some cultivars exhibit bi-colored patterns. The calyx is tubular and often prominently veined. The height of Dianthus plants varies greatly depending on the species and cultivar, ranging from low-growing groundcovers to taller, more upright forms.
Cultivation and Uses:
Dianthus are widely cultivated as garden plants and cut flowers. Their popularity stems from their attractive appearance, fragrant blooms, and relatively easy cultivation. They prefer well-drained soil and full sun. Deadheading spent flowers encourages further blooming. Propagation can be achieved through seeds, cuttings, or division.
Carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus) are commercially important cut flowers, known for their long vase life and wide range of colors. Pinks (Dianthus plumarius and related species and hybrids) are commonly grown in cottage gardens and rockeries. Sweet Williams (Dianthus barbatus) are popular for their colorful, clustered flower heads.
Selected Species:
The genus Dianthus contains hundreds of species. Some notable species include:
- Dianthus caryophyllus (Carnation)
- Dianthus plumarius (Common Pink, Garden Pink)
- Dianthus barbatus (Sweet William)
- Dianthus deltoides (Maiden Pink)
- Dianthus gratianopolitanus (Cheddar Pink)
Etymology:
The name Dianthus is derived from the Greek words dios meaning "god" and anthos meaning "flower," thus translating to "flower of the gods" or "divine flower."