Corbel
A corbel is a structural piece of stone, wood, brick, or other material projecting from a wall or other surface to support a superincumbent weight. Corbels are a type of bracket, although the terms are not always interchangeable. A corbel can also be a series of such projections, each stepped progressively further out than the one below, to create an arch or vault (a corbel arch or corbel vault).
Functionality:
The primary function of a corbel is to provide support for an element above, such as a beam, arch, balcony, parapet, or roof. By projecting outwards, a corbel distributes the load being supported into the wall or structure from which it protrudes.
Characteristics:
- Projection: Corbels extend outwards from a vertical surface.
- Material: They can be made from a variety of materials, chosen for their strength and durability.
- Support: They support a load-bearing element above.
- Decoration: Corbels can be plain or highly decorated, depending on the architectural style.
Construction:
Corbels are typically integrated into the wall during its construction. For stone or brick corbels, each successive course is placed slightly further out than the one below, creating the projecting support.
Applications:
Corbels are found in a wide range of architectural styles and historical periods, including:
- Medieval architecture: Often used to support parapets, machicolations, and oriel windows.
- Gothic architecture: Commonly used to support vaulting ribs and statues.
- Romanesque architecture: Used in similar ways to Medieval architecture, often with simpler designs.
- Modern architecture: Can be used for both structural and decorative purposes.
Related Terms:
- Bracket: A more general term for a projecting support.
- Console: A decorative bracket, often more ornate than a corbel.
- Machicolation: A projecting gallery with openings in the floor, supported by corbels, used for defensive purposes.
- Corbel arch/vault: An arch or vault constructed using progressively stepped corbels.