Burnisher

A burnisher is a hand tool or machine used to smooth, polish, or brighten a surface by rubbing. It is typically made of hardened steel or other hard materials like agate or bone, and often has a smooth, rounded tip or edge. The action of a burnisher is not abrasive in the traditional sense; instead of removing material like sandpaper, it compresses and smooths the surface, making it more reflective.

Burnishers are used in a variety of applications, including:

• Metalworking: To refine and polish metal surfaces, remove burrs, and create a smooth finish on jewelry, cutlery, and other metal objects. It can also be used to brighten up metal surfaces that have become dull.

• Leatherworking: To smooth and polish the edges of leather, creating a professional and finished look. It can also be used to seal the leather's edge, preventing fraying.

• Bookbinding: To smooth and polish the edges of book covers and spines, creating a smooth and durable finish.

• Calligraphy and Gilding: To smooth and polish the surface of gesso or bole before applying gold leaf. Also used after gilding to burnish the gold leaf and enhance its luster.

• Ceramics: While less common than other applications, burnishing can be used to create a smooth, polished surface on unfired clay before firing. This produces a distinctive, reflective finish without the use of glazes.

The effectiveness of a burnisher depends on the material being worked, the pressure applied, and the angle of the tool. Different burnishers are available in various shapes and sizes to suit specific applications. A well-maintained burnisher is essential for achieving optimal results, and should be kept clean and free of nicks or scratches.