Betoideae

Betoideae is a subfamily within the Amaranthaceae family, formerly belonging to the Chenopodiaceae family. It encompasses a group of flowering plants characterized by specific morphological and genetic traits. The subfamily primarily includes species with succulent leaves and adaptations to saline or alkaline environments.

Key genera within the Betoideae subfamily include Beta (containing beets and sugar beets), Patellifolia (wild beets), and Salicornia (glassworts). These genera are economically important, particularly Beta, which is cultivated for sugar production, livestock feed, and human consumption.

Distinguishing features of Betoideae plants often include their halophytic nature (tolerance of high salt concentrations), succulent leaves which aid in water storage, and unique floral structures that differentiate them from other members of the Amaranthaceae. Genetic analysis has been crucial in defining the phylogenetic relationships within the Amaranthaceae and in establishing Betoideae as a distinct and monophyletic subfamily.

The geographical distribution of Betoideae is widespread, with species found in coastal and inland saline habitats across Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas. Their adaptation to harsh environments makes them valuable for studying plant stress tolerance and potential crops for marginal lands.