Battle of Peshawar (1001)

The Battle of Peshawar in 1001 was a significant military engagement between the Ghaznavid army, led by Mahmud of Ghazni, and the Hindu Shahi kingdom, ruled by Raja Jayapala. The battle took place near Peshawar (modern-day Pakistan).

Jayapala had formed a large coalition, including forces from various parts of northern India, to counter the growing threat of the Ghaznavids. However, Mahmud's forces decisively defeated the Hindu Shahi army.

The outcome of the battle was a major victory for Mahmud of Ghazni, solidifying his control over the region west of the Indus River and paving the way for further Ghaznavid incursions into the Indian subcontinent. Jayapala, humiliated by the defeat, is said to have later immolated himself on a funeral pyre. His son, Anandapala, succeeded him as ruler of the Hindu Shahi kingdom and continued resistance against the Ghaznavids.