Arctella

Arctella is a genus of small sheet-weaving spiders belonging to the family Dictynidae. These spiders are primarily found in arctic and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere.

Description

Spiders of the genus Arctella are generally small, with body lengths typically ranging from 2 to 4 millimeters. They are characterized by their cribellate webs, a distinctive feature of Dictynidae spiders. These webs are composed of tangled silk threads spun with a calamistrum, a specialized comb-like structure on their hind legs, which creates a fuzzy or woolly appearance to the silk. The coloration of Arctella spiders can vary, but often includes shades of brown, gray, and black, providing camouflage in their natural environments.

Habitat and Distribution

Arctella spiders are adapted to the harsh conditions of arctic and subarctic environments. They are commonly found in moss, leaf litter, under stones, and in other sheltered locations that offer protection from the elements. Their distribution includes regions of North America, Europe, and Asia, particularly in areas with cold climates.

Behavior

Arctella spiders are ambush predators, relying on their cribellate webs to capture small insects and other invertebrates. When prey becomes entangled in the sticky web, the spider quickly immobilizes it with venom. The webs are often constructed in crevices or sheltered locations to maximize their effectiveness in capturing prey.

Taxonomy

The genus Arctella belongs to the family Dictynidae, which is characterized by the presence of a cribellum and calamistrum. The classification of Arctella species can be complex, and taxonomic revisions may occur as new research emerges.