Abalone (board game)

Abalone is a two-player abstract strategy board game invented by Michel Lalet and Laurent Lévi in 1987. The game is played on a hexagonal board with 61 spaces. Each player controls 14 marbles, which are initially arranged in a specific configuration on opposite sides of the board.

Objective: The objective of Abalone is to be the first player to push six of the opponent's marbles off the edge of the board.

Gameplay: Players take turns moving one, two, or three marbles in a straight line, either sideways or forward. A player can only push the opponent's marbles if they have a numerical superiority in the line of marbles pushing. Specifically, a group of marbles can push a smaller group of the opponent's marbles in a straight line. For example, three marbles can push one or two of the opponent's marbles. However, three marbles cannot push three or more of the opponent's marbles, and two marbles cannot push two or more. This type of move is called a "Sumito." Marbles can only be pushed off the board when they are on the edge.

Strategic Considerations: Abalone requires careful planning and strategic thinking. Players must consider their own marble formations, the opponent's marble formations, and the positioning relative to the edge of the board. Key strategies include:

• Forming strong lines: Solid lines are difficult to push and provide leverage for attacking.
• Weakening the opponent's lines: Targeting vulnerable formations can create opportunities to push marbles off the board.
• Controlling the center: Occupying the center of the board can provide greater mobility and tactical flexibility.
• Blocking: Preventing the opponent from making advantageous moves can be as important as offensive maneuvers.
• Edge control: Positioning marbles near the edge is crucial for pushing opponent marbles off the board.

Variations: While the standard game uses the initial arrangement mentioned above, several variations exist, including different starting arrangements and board sizes. Some variations emphasize different strategic elements of the game.

Awards and Recognition: Abalone has received several awards and accolades, including:

• Mensa Select (1990)
• Spiel des Jahres recommendation (1989)

Related Games: Abalone is related to other abstract strategy games, such as Sumo and marble-pushing games. Its simple rules and complex strategy make it a popular choice among board game enthusiasts.