Violin Sonata in B minor (Respighi)

The Violin Sonata in B minor, P. 110, is a chamber work composed by Ottorino Respighi in 1916-1917. It is one of his most significant instrumental compositions and represents a shift away from his earlier, more overtly Romantic style toward a more neoclassical approach, although still retaining elements of late-Romantic expression. The sonata is structured in three movements:

• Moderato: The opening movement is lyrical and expressive, characterized by long melodic lines and rich harmonies. It begins in B minor but explores a wide range of tonal colors.

• Andante espressivo: The second movement offers a contrasting mood of introspection and tenderness. It features a poignant melody in the violin, supported by a delicate piano accompaniment.

• Allegro moderato ma energico: The finale is a lively and rhythmically driven movement. It showcases Respighi's masterful orchestration and his ability to create a sense of momentum and excitement. The movement incorporates elements of both folk music and toccata style.

The Violin Sonata in B minor is notable for its technical demands on both the violinist and the pianist. It requires a high level of virtuosity and musical sensitivity to effectively convey the composer's intentions. It is considered a significant contribution to the violin sonata repertoire of the early 20th century and remains a popular work among performers and audiences.