Vanhornia

Vanhornia is a genus of wasps belonging to the family Dryinidae. These are small, solitary parasitic wasps primarily known for parasitizing leafhopper nymphs (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae).

Vanhornia wasps are distinguished by several morphological features, including their chelate (claw-like) front legs, which are adapted for grasping and holding their leafhopper prey. The female wasp uses these specialized legs to capture a leafhopper nymph and oviposit (lay an egg) on or inside it.

The larva of Vanhornia develops as an internal parasite within the leafhopper nymph. As the wasp larva grows, it feeds on the hemolymph and tissues of the host. Eventually, the larva pupates, often forming a sac-like structure called a thylacium on the host's abdomen. The adult wasp then emerges from the pupa, leaving the dead or dying leafhopper nymph behind.

The genus Vanhornia is relatively small, with a limited number of described species. Their distribution is generally considered to be worldwide, though documentation may be more prevalent in regions with active entomological research. Their role as natural enemies of leafhoppers makes them of interest in biological control, as leafhoppers can be agricultural pests. Further research is often needed to fully understand the specific host ranges, life cycles, and ecological impacts of different Vanhornia species.