Tuwaiq

Tuwaiq is a prominent escarpment in central Saudi Arabia. It is a narrow, arc-shaped ridge extending approximately 800 kilometers (500 miles) from near Zelfi in the north, curving southwards and ending near Wadi ad-Dawasir. The escarpment is a significant geographical feature, characterized by steep cliffs on its western side and a more gentle slope on the eastern side.

The Tuwaiq Escarpment is primarily composed of Jurassic limestone, with layers of shale and marl. Its formation is attributed to tectonic activity and erosion over millions of years. The western face of the escarpment offers dramatic views of the surrounding desert landscape.

Historically, the Tuwaiq Escarpment has served as a natural barrier and landmark. Bedouin tribes traditionally used it for navigation and shelter. Numerous wadis (dry riverbeds) cut through the escarpment, providing pathways for travel and seasonal water sources.

In modern Saudi Arabia, the Tuwaiq Escarpment holds cultural and recreational significance. Hiking, camping, and rock climbing are popular activities. The area is also increasingly recognized for its geological importance and potential for tourism development. The "Tuwaiq Mountains" (Jibal Tuwaiq) is often used to refer to the general area of the escarpment, though it's technically a single, continuous ridge.