Tambaqui

The tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) is a large, omnivorous, freshwater characin native to the Amazon and Orinoco basins in South America. It is the second heaviest scaled freshwater fish in South America, reaching up to 30 kg (66 lb) and 1.1 m (3.6 ft) in length.

Tambaqui are an important food fish and are heavily exploited in both aquaculture and fisheries. They are valued for their rapid growth rate and ability to adapt to different environments. Their diet consists of fruits, seeds, nuts, and zooplankton, particularly during the flood season when forests are inundated. They play a crucial role in seed dispersal within their ecosystem.

Physically, tambaqui are characterized by their deep body, dark coloration (ranging from grey to black), and powerful jaws with molar-like teeth adapted for crushing seeds and nuts. Juvenile tambaqui are often lighter in color. They possess large, rounded dorsal and anal fins.

Tambaqui are well-suited to the fluctuating water levels of the Amazon and Orinoco rivers. During the dry season, they often migrate to deeper water channels. They are also known to inhabit flooded forests during the wet season, taking advantage of the abundance of food resources.

Due to their popularity as a food fish, tambaqui farming is widespread in South America and increasingly in other regions. However, overfishing and habitat destruction pose significant threats to wild populations in some areas. Conservation efforts are aimed at promoting sustainable fishing practices and protecting their natural habitats.