Snottite

A snottite is a speleothem, specifically a type of microbial mat that hangs from the ceilings of caves and is formed by bacteria that thrive in highly acidic and sulfuric environments. The name "snottite" is derived from its resemblance to nasal mucus, due to its dripping, flowing, and gelatinous consistency.

Snottites are typically found in caves associated with volcanic or geothermal activity, or those that contain sulfide-rich deposits. The extremophilic bacteria that form snottites, primarily Acidithiobacillus species, obtain energy by oxidizing sulfur compounds, such as hydrogen sulfide, to sulfuric acid. This process generates highly acidic conditions within and around the snottite.

The sulfuric acid produced by the bacteria dissolves the cave walls, releasing minerals like calcium sulfate, which can contribute to the formation of other cave formations. Snottites play a significant role in cave ecosystems, supporting other extremophile organisms and contributing to the unique geochemical environment of the cave. Their study provides insights into microbial life in extreme environments and the potential for similar life forms in other extreme locations, such as on other planets. The acidic nature of snottites necessitates caution during exploration and scientific study.