Scareware

Scareware is a type of malware that employs social engineering to cause shock, anxiety, or the perception of a threat, often directing users to purchase or download unnecessary and potentially harmful software. It typically manifests as a pop-up advertisement or alert claiming to detect viruses, system errors, or other security problems on the user's computer or device. These alerts are often designed to mimic legitimate security software interfaces to appear convincing.

The primary goal of scareware is to manipulate users into purchasing fake antivirus software, security tools, or other services. Once installed, these products either provide no actual benefit, install additional malware, or steal personal information such as credit card details. Scareware tactics may also involve bombarding the user with persistent alerts and warnings to create a sense of urgency and fear, ultimately leading them to make a purchase they wouldn't otherwise consider.

While some scareware simply attempts to sell useless software, other variants are far more malicious. These may install keyloggers, ransomware, or other forms of malware onto the victim's system, enabling cybercriminals to steal sensitive data, encrypt files for ransom, or use the infected device as part of a botnet.

Scareware distributors commonly use deceptive advertising, malicious websites, or compromised legitimate websites to spread their fake alerts. Users are advised to be cautious of unsolicited pop-up windows, particularly those claiming to detect security threats. Regularly updating antivirus software and using a reliable ad blocker can help mitigate the risk of encountering scareware.