Revolutionary Socialist Party (Marxist–Leninist)

The Revolutionary Socialist Party (Marxist–Leninist), often abbreviated as RSP(ML), is a communist party in India. It emerged from a split within the Revolutionary Socialist Party (RSP) in 1969. The split occurred due to ideological differences, particularly regarding the RSP's approach to electoral politics and its relationship with other left-wing parties. The RSP(ML) advocated for a more militant and uncompromising revolutionary line, adhering to Marxist-Leninist principles.

The party's primary focus has been on organizing among the working class and peasantry, particularly in West Bengal and other parts of eastern India. RSP(ML) has been involved in various labor movements and agrarian struggles, seeking to mobilize these sections of society for a socialist revolution.

Like many other communist parties in India, the RSP(ML) has historically faced periods of repression and has sometimes operated in an underground or semi-underground manner. While participating in some electoral processes, the party's main emphasis remains on building a revolutionary movement from below.

The RSP(ML)'s theoretical framework is rooted in Marxism-Leninism, with particular emphasis on the need for armed struggle to overthrow the existing state and establish a proletarian dictatorship. The party critiques what it views as revisionism and opportunism within other communist parties, advocating for a more orthodox and revolutionary approach to achieving socialist goals. The party's influence and membership are relatively small compared to larger communist parties in India, but it maintains a presence in certain pockets, particularly among specific sections of the working class and peasantry.