Raphael

Raphael, often referred to as Raphael Sanzio, Raffaello Santi, or Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino (1483-1520), was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. He is celebrated for the clarity of form, ease of composition, and visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur in his paintings. Together with Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, he forms the traditional trinity of great masters of that period.

Raphael was born in Urbino, a major artistic center, and received his early training from his father, Giovanni Santi, who was a painter at the court. Following his father’s death, Raphael worked as an apprentice to Pietro Perugino in Perugia, absorbing his style and contributing to several commissions.

His Florentine period (1504-1508) marked a shift in his style as he studied the works of Leonardo and Michelangelo. He developed his own individual style, characterized by harmonious compositions, graceful figures, and a mastery of perspective and light. Notable works from this period include several depictions of the Virgin Mary, such as La Belle Jardinière.

In 1508, Raphael was summoned to Rome by Pope Julius II to decorate the papal apartments in the Vatican Palace. These frescoes, known as the Raphael Rooms, include some of his most famous works, such as The School of Athens, The Parnassus, The Disputation of the Holy Sacrament, and The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple. These frescoes showcase his ability to depict complex philosophical and theological concepts in visually compelling narratives.

Following the death of Bramante in 1514, Raphael was appointed architect of St. Peter's Basilica. He made significant changes to the design and oversaw the construction until his own death. He also worked as a designer of tapestries for the Sistine Chapel and as a curator of antiquities.

Raphael died unexpectedly in Rome at the age of 37. His death was a profound loss to the art world, and his influence continued to be felt for centuries. His work has been revered as a model of classical beauty and harmony, inspiring generations of artists. His legacy continues to be studied and appreciated as a cornerstone of Western art history.