Ragini MMS (franchise)

The Ragini MMS franchise is an Indian horror erotica franchise encompassing films, web series, and related media. It is known for its blend of supernatural horror elements with sexually suggestive content and themes. The franchise is produced by Ekta Kapoor's Balaji Motion Pictures.

The first film, Ragini MMS, was released in 2011 and was loosely based on a real-life story. It gained notoriety for its bold content and marketing. The success of the first film led to a sequel, Ragini MMS 2, released in 2014, starring Sunny Leone. Ragini MMS 2 significantly increased the franchise's popularity due to its higher production value, star power, and increased emphasis on erotic horror.

Beyond the theatrical films, the franchise has expanded into the digital space with web series such as Ragini MMS: Returns (seasons 1 and 2) streaming on platforms like ALTBalaji and ZEE5. The web series continue the franchise's themes of horror, erotica, and suspense, often featuring new characters and storylines while maintaining connections to the established lore.

The Ragini MMS franchise is characterized by its found-footage style (particularly in the earlier installments), its exploration of female sexuality and vulnerability within a horror context, and its use of popular culture references. While often criticized for its reliance on sensationalism, the franchise has found a significant audience within the Indian horror genre.