Pterophyllum (plant)

Pterophyllum is a genus of freshwater fish belonging to the family Cichlidae, commonly known as angelfish. Native to the Amazon and Orinoco river basins in South America, these fish are popular in the aquarium trade due to their distinctive diamond-shaped bodies and elegant, flowing fins.

The genus name, Pterophyllum, is derived from the Greek words "pteron" (fin/sail) and "phyllon" (leaf), referring to their tall, flattened bodies and extended dorsal and anal fins which give them a leaf-like appearance. This morphology provides camouflage among submerged vegetation and fallen branches in their natural habitat.

Currently, the genus Pterophyllum contains three recognized species:

• Pterophyllum altum (Altum Angelfish): Known for its large size and distinct notch above the eyes.
• Pterophyllum leopoldi (Leopold's Angelfish): The smallest species in the genus, identified by its distinct black spot on the caudal peduncle.
• Pterophyllum scalare (Common Angelfish): The most widely distributed and commonly kept species in aquariums, displaying a variety of color morphs and patterns.

Angelfish are generally peaceful fish but can become territorial, especially during breeding. They are omnivorous, feeding on a diet of small invertebrates, plant matter, and detritus in the wild. In captivity, they readily accept prepared foods such as flakes, pellets, and frozen or live foods.

Maintaining angelfish in aquariums requires a tall tank due to their vertical body shape. They prefer warm, slightly acidic water conditions and benefit from the presence of plants and decorations to provide shelter and hiding places. They are often kept in community tanks with other peaceful fish of similar size and temperament. Breeding angelfish in captivity is possible, but requires careful attention to water quality and proper pairing of compatible individuals.