Prabandha

A prabandha (Sanskrit: प्रबन्ध) is a composite form of Indian classical music, particularly prevalent from the 12th to the 15th centuries CE. It represented a significant development in the evolution of musical forms and served as a precursor to later classical forms like the dhrupad and khayal.

Generally, a prabandha is a structured composition with a defined form comprising a series of sections or movements. While specific structures varied, certain components were commonly found, including:

• Udgraha: The initial section or "take-off" of the composition.
• Melapaka: A linking or connecting section.
• Dhruva: A recurring refrain or fixed part, acting as a constant element throughout the composition.
• Antara: An intermediate section.
• Abhoga: The concluding section.

The prabandha form allowed for considerable artistic flexibility and variation. These compositions were often complex, involving intricate rhythmic patterns (tala) and melodic frameworks (raga). They could be composed in various languages, including Sanskrit and Prakrit.

The development of prabandha is closely associated with the patronage of royal courts and temples in India. These institutions provided the environment for musicians and composers to experiment with and refine the form. The Sangita Ratnakara of Sarangadeva is a crucial source of information on prabandha forms and classifications.

Over time, simpler musical forms gained prominence, and the elaborate prabandha declined in popularity. However, its influence can be traced in the development of later classical music traditions of India.