Pellitory

Pellitory refers to several different plants, most commonly those in the genus Parietaria within the nettle family (Urticaceae). These plants are often called "pellitory-of-the-wall" or "wall pellitory" due to their propensity to grow on walls and in cracks in masonry.

Common Species:

• Parietaria judaica (formerly Parietaria diffusa): Also known as spreading pellitory or pellitory-of-the-wall, it is a perennial herb native to Europe, North Africa, and Asia. It is characterized by its sprawling growth habit and inconspicuous flowers. It is a common allergen, releasing pollen that can cause hay fever symptoms.

• Parietaria officinalis: Upright pellitory, a less common species also found in Europe.

Characteristics:

• Habit: Pellitory plants are herbaceous, meaning they are non-woody and die back to the ground in winter (in colder climates). P. judaica is generally sprawling and low-growing.

• Leaves: The leaves are simple, alternate, and often covered with fine hairs.

• Flowers: The flowers are small, green, and inconspicuous, arranged in clusters in the leaf axils. They are wind-pollinated.

• Habitat: Pellitory-of-the-wall is often found in disturbed areas, such as walls, pavements, gardens, and waste ground. It thrives in nitrogen-rich soils.

Allergenicity:

• Pellitory is a significant source of airborne allergens. The pollen is released over a long period, extending the hay fever season.

Traditional Uses (Historical):

• Historically, some Parietaria species were used in traditional medicine for their purported diuretic and anti-inflammatory properties. However, modern medicinal use is limited due to the risk of allergic reactions. Information on historical uses should not be considered medical advice.

Other Uses:

• Pellitory can sometimes be considered a weed due to its ability to grow in unwanted locations.

Distinction:

It is important to distinguish Parietaria species from other plants also called "pellitory," such as Anacyclus pyrethrum, known as "Pellitory-of-Spain," which is a completely different plant with different properties and uses. Anacyclus pyrethrum is traditionally used for its purported medicinal benefits, especially as a sialogogue (promotes saliva production). Therefore, accurate identification is crucial.