Murray Hall (politician)

Murray Hall (born c. 1841, died January 5, 1901) was a New York City politician who achieved notoriety after his death when it was discovered he was biologically female. He lived as a man for at least 30 years, working various jobs including as a political operative within Tammany Hall.

Hall was born in Ireland and immigrated to the United States as a young adult. He held several positions, including a peddler, a Union Army soldier during the Civil War (although records are unclear and disputed), and eventually a political worker. Hall became involved in Tammany Hall politics, holding positions in ward committees and working on election campaigns. He was known as a friendly and sociable character who frequented saloons and social gatherings.

Upon his death from cancer, an autopsy revealed that Hall was anatomically female, causing a public sensation. Prior to this discovery, Hall had been married twice, once to a woman and once to a widow with children, and had successfully maintained his male identity. Motivations for living as a man are speculated to include economic opportunity, social freedom, and potentially gender identity. The circumstances surrounding his life and deception are now understood by some to demonstrate the limited opportunities and social expectations available to women in the 19th century. Accounts and biographical information regarding Murray Hall vary and can be inconsistent, reflecting the societal biases and limited understandings of gender identity at the time of his life.