Moriaen

Moriaen is a Middle Dutch romance poem, believed to have been written in the 13th century. It is notable for featuring one of the earliest portrayals of a Black knight in Western European literature. The poem tells the story of Moriaen, a powerful and skilled warrior of Moorish (African) descent, who arrives at Arthur's court seeking his father, Aglovales. Aglovales, one of Arthur's knights, had previously journeyed east and fathered Moriaen with a Moorish princess.

Moriaen is depicted as having black skin, large eyes, and thick lips, consistent with medieval European stereotypes of Africans. However, unlike typical villainous portrayals, Moriaen is depicted as a noble and courageous figure. He is initially met with suspicion and fear due to his appearance, but he quickly proves his worth through his exceptional combat skills and unwavering loyalty. He engages in battle alongside Arthur's knights, helping them defeat their enemies and ultimately proving his worthiness to be accepted into their ranks.

The poem's significance lies in its complex and nuanced portrayal of race and otherness in medieval Europe. While the physical description of Moriaen reflects prevailing prejudices of the time, his character is ultimately presented as heroic and virtuous, challenging simplistic notions of racial superiority and inferiority. The story explores themes of acceptance, identity, and the potential for individuals from different backgrounds to find common ground and forge alliances. The ending sees Moriaen reunited with his father, solidifying his integration into the Arthurian world.