Mokujiki

Mokujiki (木食) refers to a practice of extreme asceticism within Japanese Buddhism, primarily associated with Shingon and other esoteric schools. The term literally translates to "tree-eating" or "wood-eating," though its interpretation is more nuanced than a literal consumption of wood.

The practice of Mokujiki typically involves a severe restriction of diet, often to uncooked grains, nuts, seeds, berries, and roots. This is undertaken as a means of spiritual purification, self-denial, and detachment from worldly desires. The intent is to minimize the reliance on external sustenance and cultivate inner strength and resilience.

Mokujiki practitioners aim to transcend the limitations of the physical body and attain enlightenment through rigorous discipline. The length of the Mokujiki period can vary considerably, from months to years, and is often undertaken in remote locations or mountainous retreats.

The practice is often associated with specific Buddhist figures or lineages known for their asceticism. While not widespread in modern Japanese Buddhism, the legacy of Mokujiki continues to inspire admiration for its practitioners' dedication and self-sacrifice. The austere lifestyle symbolizes a profound commitment to spiritual liberation through the rejection of material comforts.

The term can also be used more broadly to describe a simple and austere diet, particularly one emphasizing plant-based foods consumed in a near-natural state. However, its primary meaning remains connected to the specific ascetic practice within Buddhism.