M51 (missile)

The M51 is a French submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM), developed by ArianeGroup (formerly EADS Astrium Space Transportation). It is the successor to the M45 missile and represents a significant advancement in France's nuclear deterrent capabilities.

The M51 is a three-stage, solid-propellant missile. Key features include its increased range compared to its predecessor, allowing French submarines to operate in larger areas and still maintain the ability to strike designated targets. This increased range is achieved through improved propellant technology and a more efficient overall design.

The missile carries multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles (MIRVs), allowing it to strike multiple targets with a single launch. Specific details regarding the yield and number of warheads are often kept classified for national security reasons.

The M51 is deployed on the Triomphant-class nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs) of the French Navy (Marine Nationale). It entered service in 2010, gradually replacing the M45 missiles on these submarines. Continued upgrades and improvements are planned for the M51 to ensure its continued effectiveness as a strategic deterrent weapon system. Its operational status and capabilities are a vital component of France's independent nuclear deterrence policy, known as "force de frappe."