Latobius

Latobius was a Celtic nomen (name) and likely cognomen or epithet associated with the Roman deity Mars, attested in Roman Britain. Specifically, it is known from a single inscription found at the Roman fort of Bowes, County Durham, England.

The inscription reads "Deo Marti Latobio et Numinibus Augustorum Aurelius Gelasinus tribunus Cohortis I Thracum," which translates to "To the god Mars Latobius and the Divinities of the Emperors, Aurelius Gelasinus, tribune of the First Cohort of Thracians (dedicates this)."

The significance of the name Latobius is debated. Theories suggest it could derive from a Celtic root meaning "shining," "splendid," or "strong," thus emphasizing aspects of Mars' warlike character. As a theophoric epithet, it likely indicates a local Celtic interpretation or manifestation of Mars, syncretized with Roman religious practice. The dedication suggests the Roman military personnel stationed at Bowes sought to honor and appease the local deity, possibly to ensure success and protection. The "Numinibus Augustorum" portion of the inscription shows the concurrent worship of the Roman Imperial cult.