Kadiria

Kadiria, also spelled Qadiriyya, is one of the oldest and most widespread Sufi orders (tariqa) in the Islamic world. It is named after Abdul-Qadir Gilani (1077–1166 CE), a Hanbali scholar and mystic based in Baghdad, considered one of the most venerated saints in Sufism.

The Kadiria order does not adhere to a uniform set of doctrines or practices beyond a general reverence for Abdul-Qadir Gilani and a commitment to Sufi ideals. While some branches emphasize asceticism and detachment from the world, others are more integrated into mainstream society. The order's appeal lies in its emphasis on direct spiritual experience, its accessibility to ordinary people, and its adaptability to local customs and traditions.

Key features often associated with the Kadiria include:

• Emphasis on devotion to Abdul-Qadir Gilani: He is regarded as a spiritual guide and intercessor. His writings and teachings are central to the order.
• Recitation of prayers and litanies (dhikr): These often involve the names of God, prayers for the Prophet Muhammad, and praises for Abdul-Qadir Gilani.
• Veneration of saints: Kadiris often visit the tombs of saints and seek their blessings.
• Spiritual guidance from a Sheikh (spiritual master): Initiation into the order typically involves a pledge of allegiance (bay'ah) to a Sheikh, who provides guidance and instruction.
• Charitable works: Kadiris are often involved in providing assistance to the poor and needy.

The Kadiria order has spread extensively throughout the Islamic world, particularly in North Africa, West Africa, Turkey, the Balkans, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. It has played a significant role in the spread of Islam in many regions and has been influential in shaping local religious cultures. Different branches and sub-orders (sub-tariqas) have emerged over time, each with its own unique characteristics and practices. These branches often adapt to local contexts while maintaining a core allegiance to Abdul-Qadir Gilani and the Kadiria tradition.