Jeitun

Jeitun, also known as Anau IA, is a Neolithic archaeological site located a few kilometers north of Ashgabat, Turkmenistan, in the foothills of the Kopet Dag mountains. It is significant as one of the earliest farming settlements in Central Asia, dating back to the 7th millennium BCE.

Significance:

Jeitun culture represents a critical transition period from nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyles to settled agricultural communities in the region. The site provides valuable insights into the early domestication of crops and animals, the development of pottery, and the construction of permanent dwellings.

Archaeological Findings:

Excavations at Jeitun have revealed rectangular mud-brick houses, storage facilities, and evidence of early irrigation systems. Archaeologists have uncovered remains of domesticated wheat and barley, as well as the bones of domesticated goats and sheep. Pottery shards discovered at the site are considered among the oldest examples in Central Asia and exhibit distinctive painted designs.

Jeitun Culture:

The Jeitun culture, named after the site, is characterized by its distinctive material culture and agricultural practices. The inhabitants of Jeitun are believed to have developed a complex social structure and a sophisticated understanding of their environment. This culture played a crucial role in the subsequent development of settled societies in Central Asia and beyond.

Further Research:

Ongoing research at Jeitun and related sites continues to shed light on the origins and development of agriculture and civilization in Central Asia. The site serves as a key reference point for understanding the Neolithic transition in the region and its impact on later historical periods.