James Melville (Scottish minister)

James Melville (1556 – 1614) was a Scottish minister, diarist, and theologian. He was a prominent figure in the Scottish Reformation and a staunch advocate of Presbyterianism, often resisting the imposition of Episcopalian practices by the crown.

Melville was born in Baldovy, Angus, the nephew of Andrew Melville, another leading figure in the Scottish church. He studied at St Andrews University, where his uncle was principal. Following his studies, he became a professor at St Andrews and later served as minister of Anstruther Easter in Fife.

Melville was a strong supporter of the Second Book of Discipline, which advocated for the independence of the church from state control. He was a vocal critic of King James VI's attempts to assert royal authority over the church, particularly through the reintroduction of bishops. This led to numerous confrontations with the king and periods of confinement. He participated in several General Assemblies and played a key role in shaping Presbyterian theology and practice.

Perhaps Melville's most significant contribution is his Diary, which provides a detailed and valuable firsthand account of the events of the Scottish Reformation during his lifetime. The Diary offers insights into the political, religious, and social climate of Scotland during a turbulent period. It details the struggles between the crown and the church, the debates surrounding church governance, and the everyday lives of ordinary people.

His outspokenness and commitment to Presbyterian principles eventually led to his imprisonment and exile. He was initially confined to his parish and later imprisoned in Blackness Castle. In 1606, he was exiled to Berwick-upon-Tweed, where he remained until his death in 1614. He is remembered as a courageous defender of the Presbyterian faith and a valuable chronicler of the Scottish Reformation.