Hermes Criophorus (Athens)

Hermes Criophorus, meaning "Hermes the Ram-Bearer," is a type of votive statue depicting the Greek god Hermes carrying a ram or lamb on his shoulders. This particular type is associated with Tanagra figurines and other terracotta representations often found in ancient Greece, including Athens.

The Criophorus imagery likely originated as a representation of Hermes as a protector of flocks and shepherds, embodying his pastoral aspects. The ram or lamb is often interpreted as an offering, perhaps linked to purification or atonement, and symbolizes Hermes' role as a guide or psychopomp, leading souls to the afterlife.

While examples of Hermes Criophorus exist in various materials, the terracotta versions, particularly those unearthed in Tanagra and other sites including Athens, are well-known. These figurines were commonly placed in tombs or dedicated as offerings in sanctuaries, reflecting the diverse functions of Hermes in the ancient Greek world. The Athenian examples would have been part of the broader context of religious and artistic practices in the city, showcasing the god's multifaceted nature and his importance within Athenian society. The style and craftsmanship of these figures provide valuable insights into the artistic trends and religious beliefs prevalent during the period in which they were created.