Haldane
Haldane may refer to several notable people and concepts, primarily associated with the Haldane family:
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J.B.S. Haldane (1892-1964): A British-Indian scientist known for his contributions to the fields of evolutionary biology, genetics, and biometry. He was one of the founders of population genetics and made significant contributions to the modern synthesis of evolutionary theory. He also wrote extensively on science and politics, popularizing scientific concepts for a wider audience. His political views were Marxist.
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J.S. Haldane (1860-1936): A Scottish physiologist renowned for his work on respiration, particularly the physiology of breathing and the effects of different gases on the body. He is also known for his investigations into industrial hygiene and the health of miners. He was the father of J.B.S. Haldane.
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Haldane's Dilemma: A theoretical argument in population genetics proposed by J.B.S. Haldane. It addresses the potential conflict between the rate at which beneficial mutations can arise and spread in a population and the observed speed of evolution. The dilemma suggests that there might be limits on the number of advantageous mutations that can be fixed in a population over a given period, due to the "cost of selection."
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Haldane's Rule: An observation in evolutionary biology, also attributed to J.B.S. Haldane, concerning hybrid sterility or inviability. It states that if, in the offspring of two different animal races, one sex is absent, rare, or sterile, it is the heterogametic sex (the sex with two different sex chromosomes, e.g., XY in mammals, ZW in birds).
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Viscount Haldane (Richard Burdon Haldane, 1st Viscount Haldane, 1856-1928): A British lawyer, philosopher, and politician. He served as Secretary of State for War and Lord Chancellor. He is known for his contributions to army reform in the early 20th century and for his philosophical writings.
This entry aims to provide a basic understanding of the various meanings and contexts in which the name "Haldane" is significant. Further research into each of these areas will provide a more comprehensive understanding.