Gong Zhu

In Chinese, Gong Zhu (公主) translates directly to "princess." It is a title of nobility, traditionally bestowed upon a female member of the Chinese imperial family. Specifically, it most commonly refers to the daughter of the Emperor.

Historically, the specific criteria for who received the title of Gong Zhu varied somewhat across different dynasties. Typically, daughters born to the Empress (the Emperor's primary wife) or a highly ranked imperial concubine were granted the title. Daughters of lower-ranking concubines could also receive the title, but often with reduced associated privileges or stipends.

The power and influence wielded by a Gong Zhu depended heavily on the dynasty, the individual Emperor's favour, and the princess's own personality and capabilities. Some Gong Zhu were used as political pawns in strategic marriages to solidify alliances with neighboring kingdoms or powerful officials within the empire. Others exerted considerable influence at court, acting as advisors or patrons of the arts.

The term Gong Zhu continues to be used in modern Chinese to refer to princesses in general, both within China's historical context and in relation to other countries' royal families.