First Battle of Anandpur (1704)

The First Battle of Anandpur (1704) refers to one of the sieges of Anandpur Sahib in 1704, part of the larger Mughal-Sikh Wars. It was a significant event in Sikh history, marking a period of intense conflict between the Sikh Guru Gobind Singh and the Mughal Empire, specifically the forces of Emperor Aurangzeb and allied hill chieftains.

This siege, though often grouped with others into an encompassing "Siege of Anandpur," had distinct phases. The Mughals and hill rajas, seeking to subdue Guru Gobind Singh and his followers, laid siege to Anandpur Sahib, attempting to cut off supplies and force the Sikhs into submission. The siege was marked by prolonged periods of skirmishes, intense fighting, and great hardship for the Sikhs within the fortress. The besiegers employed various tactics to breach the defenses, but the Sikhs, under the leadership of Guru Gobind Singh, resolutely defended their position.

The extended duration of the siege led to severe shortages of food and water within Anandpur. Eventually, the Mughals, through emissaries, promised safe passage to the Sikhs if they evacuated the fort. Guru Gobind Singh, suspecting treachery, initially refused. However, under increasing pressure from his followers, and facing dire circumstances, he eventually agreed to evacuate Anandpur.

The evacuation from Anandpur was disastrous for the Sikhs. The Mughals and hill chiefs violated their oaths and attacked the departing Sikhs, resulting in heavy casualties and the scattering of the Guru's family. This betrayal and the subsequent battles are pivotal events in Sikh history, shaping the Khalsa's identity and resolve. The First Battle of Anandpur (1704), and the subsequent events surrounding the evacuation, highlight themes of sacrifice, betrayal, and resilience in the face of persecution.