Eleanor of Castile (1307–1359)

Eleanor of Castile (1307–1359), also known as Eleanor of Castile, Queen of Aragon, was a member of the House of Castile, daughter of Ferdinand IV of Castile and Constance of Portugal.

Early Life and Family: Eleanor was born in 1307, the daughter of King Ferdinand IV of Castile and his wife, Constance of Portugal. Her paternal grandparents were King Sancho IV of Castile and Maria de Molina. Her maternal grandparents were King Denis of Portugal and Saint Isabel of Aragon. Her early life was likely spent primarily in Castile, and as a member of the royal family, her education and future were strategically planned.

Marriage to Alfonso IV of Aragon: In 1329, Eleanor married Alfonso IV of Aragon, becoming Queen consort of Aragon. Alfonso IV was previously married to Teresa d'Entença, and had children from his first marriage. Eleanor's marriage to Alfonso was likely arranged to strengthen political ties between Castile and Aragon.

Queen of Aragon: As Queen of Aragon, Eleanor held a position of influence, although the extent of her political power is not extensively documented. Royal consorts often played a role in advising their husbands, influencing court life, and patronizing the arts and religious institutions.

Issue: Eleanor and Alfonso IV had two sons:

• Ferdinand of Aragon, Marquis of Tortosa (born 1329)
• John of Aragon (born 1330)

Influence and Intrigue: Eleanor played a significant role in Aragonese politics after the death of Alfonso IV in 1336. Her sons, Ferdinand and John, became powerful figures in Aragon, and Eleanor is often seen as having fostered their ambitions. This led to conflict with Alfonso IV's heir, Peter IV of Aragon, who was the son of his first marriage. The favoritism shown towards Eleanor’s sons, particularly in the granting of titles and lands, created considerable tension and instability within the kingdom.

Conflict with Peter IV: The rivalry between Peter IV and Eleanor's sons escalated into open conflict. Ferdinand and John, supported by nobles who resented Peter IV's policies, challenged his authority. This internal strife weakened Aragon and created opportunities for neighboring kingdoms to exploit.

Death and Legacy: Eleanor of Castile died in 1359. Her legacy is intertwined with the political instability that plagued Aragon during the reign of Peter IV. While she secured advantageous positions for her sons, her actions also contributed to internal divisions and conflicts that weakened the kingdom. Her influence serves as an example of the power and challenges faced by royal consorts in medieval Europe.