Domestica

Domestica refers to a taxonomic epithet used in binomial nomenclature to indicate that a species or subspecies has been domesticated, meaning it has been selectively bred by humans for specific traits and purposes. It is typically used in the second part of a scientific name, following the genus. The use of domestica implies a clear distinction between the domesticated form and its wild ancestor or related species. It signifies that the organism is no longer subject to the same natural selection pressures as its wild counterparts and that its characteristics are, to a significant degree, shaped by human intervention.

The decision to designate a domesticated organism with the epithet domestica reflects the extent of genetic divergence and phenotypic changes that have occurred as a result of domestication. Often, the domesticated form is considered a subspecies (e.g., Bos taurus domestica for domestic cattle, a subspecies of Bos taurus). In other cases, the domesticated form may be considered a distinct species, though this is less common due to the inherent link to a wild ancestor.

The application of domestica is not always straightforward and can be subject to debate among taxonomists, particularly when the evolutionary history and degree of genetic difference are complex or not fully understood. There may be alternative designations used, such as cultivar in the case of cultivated plants, though domestica typically refers to animals.

Using domestica in nomenclature clarifies the relationship between domesticated and wild forms, highlighting the role of artificial selection in shaping the diversity of life.