Doha (Indian literature)

A doha is a form of rhyming couplet widely used in North Indian literature, particularly in Hindi, Urdu, and Rajasthani. It is characterized by its concise and self-contained nature, often conveying a complete thought, teaching, or observation within its two lines. Dohas are valued for their wisdom, moral instruction, and poetic expression.

The structure of a doha typically follows a specific meter. The first line usually consists of 13 matras (morae or syllabic instants), followed by a pause (called a yati), and then another 11 matras. The second line usually consists of 11 matras, a yati, and then 13 matras. The rhyming scheme is typically AABB or AA, meaning that the ends of both lines rhyme. Variations in meter and rhyme exist, but this is the general framework.

Dohas are frequently attributed to various saint-poets and devotional figures. Prominent examples include the dohas of Kabir, Rahim, Tulsidas, and Meera Bai. Their dohas cover a wide range of topics, including devotion, morality, social commentary, love, and nature. These dohas are often passed down through generations orally and in written form, serving as a source of wisdom and guidance.

The enduring popularity of dohas lies in their accessibility, memorability, and the profound insights they offer in a simple yet elegant form. They continue to be recited, studied, and incorporated into various forms of art and expression in the Indian subcontinent.