Dicranum

Dicranum is a genus of mosses belonging to the family Dicranaceae. These mosses are characterized by their relatively large size and their often falcate-secund (sickle-shaped and curved to one side) leaves.

Description: Dicranum species are acrocarpous mosses, meaning they have an upright growth habit and produce their sporophytes (spore-bearing structures) at the tips of main stems or branches. The stems are typically robust and often tomentose (covered with a felt-like layer of rhizoids, or root-like structures) near the base. The leaves are generally lanceolate (shaped like a lance) and often have a strong costa (midrib) extending to or beyond the leaf tip. A key identifying feature is the presence of alar cells, which are specialized cells at the basal corners of the leaves that often differ in shape and color from the surrounding cells.

Habitat and Distribution: Dicranum mosses are found globally, with many species occurring in temperate and boreal regions. They typically grow on acidic substrates such as rocks, soil, and decaying wood in forests, woodlands, and heathlands. Their habitat preferences vary by species; some favor drier, exposed locations, while others thrive in moist, shaded environments.

Ecological Importance: Dicranum mosses contribute to the overall biodiversity and ecological functioning of their habitats. They play a role in soil stabilization, water retention, and nutrient cycling. They also provide microhabitats for various invertebrates.

Taxonomy: The genus Dicranum is relatively large and contains many species, some of which are morphologically variable and therefore difficult to distinguish. The classification of species within the genus has been subject to revision based on morphological and molecular data. Common and well-known species include Dicranum scoparium (broom fork-moss) and Dicranum polysetum (wavy dicranum).

Uses: Although not typically used on a commercial scale, Dicranum mosses, like other mosses, have historically been used for packing materials, insulation, and horticultural purposes.