David Nelson (abolitionist)

David Nelson (1793-1844) was an American Presbyterian minister, physician, and abolitionist. He was born near Jonesborough, Tennessee, and initially pursued a medical career before becoming a Presbyterian minister. He graduated from Washington College (now Washington & Jefferson College) in 1820.

Nelson became increasingly involved in the abolitionist movement, a cause which contrasted sharply with the pro-slavery sentiments common in his native South. This led to significant opposition and eventually forced him to relocate north.

In 1830, he founded Marion College in Marion County, Missouri, with the express purpose of promoting abolitionist views and providing education for young men who opposed slavery. However, due to intense pressure and threats from pro-slavery advocates in the region, the college faced constant turmoil and ultimately closed in 1834.

Following the closure of Marion College, Nelson established the Mission Institute in Quincy, Illinois, in 1836. This institution also aimed to train ministers and educators with strong anti-slavery convictions. The Mission Institute gained notoriety in 1841 when runaway slaves sought refuge there. A mob of pro-slavery men attacked the institute, leading to the capture and re-enslavement of the fugitive slaves. This incident, known as the "Mission Institute Riot," highlighted the growing tensions surrounding the abolitionist movement in the antebellum United States and the dangers faced by those who actively opposed slavery.

Nelson was a prolific writer and speaker, advocating for the immediate abolition of slavery. His writings and sermons often centered on the moral and religious arguments against slavery. His strong stance made him a controversial figure but cemented his place as a key figure in the abolitionist movement of the 19th century. He died in 1844.