Coaling (ships)

Coaling refers to the process of transferring coal to a ship, specifically steam-powered vessels, to fuel their boilers. This was a crucial aspect of maritime operations from the mid-19th century until the mid-20th century, when steamships began to be replaced by ships powered by diesel engines and, later, nuclear power. Coaling was necessary for ships to maintain their steam pressure and, consequently, their speed and range.

The process of coaling was often labor-intensive and time-consuming. It involved transporting coal from land-based coal storage facilities (coal depots or coal bunkers) or from colliers (ships specifically designed to carry coal) to the ship being fueled. Workers, often referred to as "coal heavers" or "colliers," would shovel or carry the coal in baskets or sacks and load it into the ship's coal bunkers.

The availability and efficiency of coaling stations were strategically important for naval and commercial powers alike. A network of coaling stations located around the world allowed steamships to travel long distances and project power or trade globally. Major ports and strategic locations often developed extensive coaling facilities.

The decline of coal as a primary fuel for ships led to the gradual obsolescence of coaling stations and the associated infrastructure. The term "coaling" is now primarily used in a historical context.