Clave (rhythm)

The clave is a rhythmic pattern used as a tool for temporal organization in Afro-Cuban music. It is not a rhythm that is always explicitly played, but rather a foundational rhythmic principle that informs the overall feel and structure of a piece. The term "clave" also refers to the percussion instrument consisting of two wooden sticks that are struck together to produce a sharp, percussive sound. The sound of these sticks often represents, but does not solely define, the clave rhythm.

The clave rhythm is based on a two-measure (four-beat) pattern, with each measure containing either two or three notes. This asymmetry gives Afro-Cuban music its characteristic syncopation and "swing". The two main types of clave are son clave and rumba clave. Son clave can be either 3-2 or 2-3, indicating which measure contains three notes and which contains two. Rumba clave also exists in both 3-2 and 2-3 forms, and while sharing a similar overall rhythmic structure with Son clave, it features distinct placement of its specific notes.

The clave is more than just a rhythm; it functions as a mental framework for musicians. Instruments and vocal lines are often arranged in relation to the clave, creating interlocking rhythmic patterns that emphasize the inherent syncopation and rhythmic tension. Understanding the clave is essential for playing and appreciating many styles of Afro-Cuban music, including son, salsa, rumba, and timba. It provides a common ground for musicians to connect and build upon, facilitating complex and dynamic rhythmic interactions. The consistent pulse and asymmetric pattern of the clave anchor the music, allowing for improvisational exploration while maintaining a coherent rhythmic foundation.