Casamance

Casamance refers to two primary entities in Senegal:

1. The Casamance River: A major river in southern Senegal. It flows westward into the Atlantic Ocean. The region surrounding the river is characterized by its fertile land, abundant rainfall compared to the rest of Senegal, and significant mangrove ecosystems.

2. The Casamance Region: A geographic and cultural region of Senegal located south of The Gambia, primarily encompassing the administrative regions of Ziguinchor, Sédhiou, and Kolda. It is geographically separated from the rest of Senegal by The Gambia. The region is known for its distinct culture, derived from its diverse ethnic groups including the Jola, Mandinka, and Pulaar. Historically, the Casamance has experienced a significant separatist movement.

   The Mouvement des Forces Démocratiques de Casamance (MFDC), a separatist group, has been active in the region since the 1980s, advocating for the independence of Casamance from Senegal. This conflict has led to periods of armed struggle, displacement, and hindered development. Efforts towards peace and reconciliation have been ongoing for many years, with varying degrees of success. The separatist movement stems from perceived marginalization and economic disparity compared to other parts of Senegal, as well as distinct cultural identities. The region relies heavily on agriculture and tourism, both of which have been negatively impacted by the conflict.