Camenae

The Camenae were ancient Roman goddesses associated with springs, wells, childbirth, and prophecy. They were originally water nymphs, whose sacred grove and spring lay just outside the Porta Capena in Rome. They were often depicted as prophetic spirits who offered inspiration and guidance.

The number of Camenae varied in different accounts. While sometimes considered a singular entity, they were more commonly viewed as a group of four. These four are often identified as Carmenta (or Nicostrata), Aegeria, Antevorta, and Postvorta. Carmenta was particularly revered as a prophetess and mother of Evander, a figure important in the founding myths of Rome. Aegeria was the nymph who advised King Numa Pompilius on law and religious practice. Antevorta and Postvorta were associated with childbirth, presiding over the moments before and after birth respectively.

Over time, the Camenae became associated with the Greek Muses. This syncretism led to them being considered patrons of the arts and sciences, particularly poetry and music. Poets, such as Ennius, invoked the Camenae for inspiration. Their worship faded with the rise of Christianity, but their legacy remains in the etymology of words like "cameo" (a reference to their association with wells and springs carved with imagery) and in their representation in classical literature and art.