Butterfly (lighting)

Butterfly lighting, also known as Paramount lighting, is a portrait lighting technique commonly used in photography and film. It's characterized by a key light positioned directly in front of and above the subject's face, causing a symmetrical, butterfly-shaped shadow to appear directly under the nose.

This technique creates a specific aesthetic that is generally considered flattering, as it widens the face and emphasizes the cheekbones. The high angle of the key light also helps to minimize the appearance of wrinkles and skin imperfections. The shadow under the nose is the defining characteristic, resembling the shape of a butterfly's wings.

Variations on butterfly lighting can be achieved by adjusting the height and distance of the key light, as well as the addition of fill lights to control the overall contrast and shadow depth. Fill lights are often placed below the subject's face to soften the shadows created by the key light. Reflectors can also be used in place of, or in addition to, fill lights.

The intensity and softness of the light source also play a crucial role. A harder light source will produce a more defined and dramatic butterfly shadow, while a softer light source will create a gentler, more diffused effect.

While frequently used in beauty and fashion photography, butterfly lighting can also be adapted for other portrait styles. Understanding the core principle of the lighting setup—the overhead key light creating the signature butterfly shadow—allows for creative variations and adaptations to suit different subjects and artistic visions.