Bewcastle

Bewcastle is a civil parish and small village in Cumbria, England, located near Hadrian's Wall, north of Carlisle. It is historically part of Cumberland.

History:

The area around Bewcastle has been inhabited since prehistoric times. However, its significance stems primarily from the Roman era and the medieval period. The Romans established a fort here, known as Fanum Cocidii, an outpost of Hadrian's Wall, intended to control the local Brigantes tribe. The fort was associated with the worship of the local deity Cocidius.

Following the Roman withdrawal from Britain, the site appears to have remained significant. A substantial early Christian cross, known as the Bewcastle Cross, was erected in the late 7th or early 8th century. The cross is a notable example of Anglo-Saxon sculpture and is adorned with intricate carvings and inscriptions, including runic text. It is believed to have been associated with the monastery that existed in Bewcastle at the time.

In the medieval period, a motte and bailey castle was built near the site of the Roman fort and the cross. This castle was of strategic importance in the border region between England and Scotland. It was later replaced by a stone castle, which fell into ruin in the 17th century.

Present Day:

Today, Bewcastle is a small rural community. The ruins of the castle and the Bewcastle Cross are important historical sites and tourist attractions. The parish church of St. Cuthbert stands adjacent to the cross. Agriculture is the primary economic activity in the area.