Antyesti
Antyesti, also spelled Antyesti, is the Hindu funeral rite, signifying the "last sacrifice." It is a complex ceremony, typically involving cremation, performed to release the soul (Atman) from the body and facilitate its journey to rebirth or liberation (Moksha).
The Antyesti rituals vary regionally and according to caste, but core elements generally include:
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Preparation of the Body: The deceased's body is washed, dressed in new clothes (often white for men and red or yellow for women), and adorned with flowers and sandalwood paste.
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Cremation: The body is placed on a pyre of wood, and the eldest son (or another male relative if a son is not available) traditionally performs the cremation by lighting the pyre after performing specific rituals and prayers. Mantras are chanted throughout the process. Modern cremation, using electric or gas furnaces, is also becoming more common, especially in urban areas.
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Collection of Ashes: After the cremation, the ashes are collected and immersed in a sacred river, preferably the Ganges, or another body of water considered holy. This symbolizes the return of the physical elements to nature.
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Mourning Period: A period of mourning is observed by the family, typically lasting 10 to 13 days. During this time, the family observes dietary restrictions, refrains from social activities, and performs specific rituals and prayers to honor the deceased and aid their soul's journey.
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Shraddha: At the end of the mourning period, a Shraddha ceremony is performed, involving offerings of food and water to the deceased's spirit and Brahmins. The Shraddha rites are performed periodically after death (monthly, annually) and are believed to nourish the soul in its afterlife journey and ensure peace for the departed.
The Antyesti is considered a vital Samskara (rite of passage) in Hinduism, signifying the end of life's cycle and the beginning of the soul's journey onward. Its proper performance is believed to ensure the deceased's peaceful transition and a favorable rebirth.