Alacepril

Alacepril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor prodrug used in the treatment of hypertension (high blood pressure) and congestive heart failure. Unlike some ACE inhibitors, alacepril itself is not pharmacologically active. Instead, it is metabolized in the body to the active form, captopril. This conversion process is primarily carried out in the liver.

Alacepril functions by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme, which is responsible for converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor, meaning it narrows blood vessels, increasing blood pressure. By blocking this conversion, alacepril reduces the levels of angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation (widening of blood vessels) and a decrease in blood pressure. It also reduces aldosterone secretion, further contributing to blood pressure reduction and sodium excretion.

Because alacepril is a prodrug converted to captopril, it shares similar side effects to captopril, including cough, angioedema, dizziness, and hyperkalemia. The risk of these side effects should be considered when prescribing alacepril.

Alacepril is administered orally. Dosage and frequency of administration are determined by a healthcare professional based on individual patient needs and blood pressure response. It is important for patients taking alacepril to adhere to the prescribed dosage and to monitor their blood pressure regularly.

Alacepril is no longer widely used, having been largely superseded by other ACE inhibitors with longer durations of action and more favorable pharmacokinetic profiles. However, understanding its mechanism of action remains important in the context of cardiovascular pharmacology and the study of ACE inhibitors.