Tube map

The Tube map is a schematic transport map of the lines, stations, and connections of the London Underground, known colloquially as "the Tube." It is a highly stylized diagram rather than a geographically accurate representation of the network. Its primary purpose is to help passengers navigate the complex network of underground and overground railway lines.

The map is notable for its use of color-coding to differentiate each line, a design principle that has been widely adopted by rapid transit systems worldwide. Stations are typically represented as small markers, and interchange stations (where multiple lines connect) are highlighted. The map emphasizes topological clarity over geographical precision, distorting distances and angles to make the relationships between stations and lines more easily understood.

The original design of the Tube map is credited to Harry Beck, an engineering draughtsman who created the first version in 1931, although it was initially rejected by the London Underground publicity department. The map was later adopted in 1933 and has undergone various revisions and updates over the years while retaining its core design principles. Subsequent iterations have included additional lines, stations, and features such as accessibility information and fare zones.

The Tube map has become an iconic symbol of London and a globally recognized example of effective information design. It has influenced the design of transport maps in numerous other cities. Its enduring popularity and effectiveness stem from its ability to simplify a complex system, making it accessible to a wide range of users. The map is continually updated to reflect changes in the network and to incorporate new features and information that enhance its usability.