Tie rod

A tie rod is a slender structural member used as a tie and capable of withstanding tensile forces, but not compressive forces. In engineering, the term commonly refers to a specific component in steering and suspension systems of vehicles.

In Automotive Engineering:

In automotive applications, a tie rod is a crucial part of the steering mechanism. It is a slender rod connecting the steering gearbox or rack to the steering knuckle. Its primary function is to transmit force from the steering system to the wheel, causing it to turn.

Tie rods are typically threaded at both ends, allowing for adjustment of wheel alignment, specifically toe. This adjustment is critical for maintaining proper handling, tire wear, and overall vehicle stability.

Tie rods are subject to wear and tear due to constant stress and exposure to the elements. Damaged or worn tie rods can cause loose steering, vibrations, uneven tire wear, and, in severe cases, loss of steering control. Regular inspection and replacement of worn tie rods are essential for vehicle safety.

There are typically two types of tie rods used per wheel:

• Inner Tie Rod (or Rack End): Connects to the steering rack.
• Outer Tie Rod: Connects to the steering knuckle.

Both inner and outer tie rods work together to translate the steering wheel's movement into wheel direction.